Esterfication Lab

Purpose: to synthesize an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

Materials:
-isopropyl alcohol
-methanol
-salicylic acid
-acetic acid
-concentrated sulphuric acid
-2 x 200 mL beakers
-ice
-water
-eye droppers
-test tubes

Background: esterfication is the formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Esters are responsible for many common smells.
Ester, alcohol, acid:
banana, isopentyl alcohol, acetic acid
orange, octyl alcohol, acetic acid
wintergreen, methyl alcohol, salicylic acid
raspberry, isobutyl alcohol, formic acid
pineapple, ethyl alcohol, butyric acid (smells like vomit)
pear, n-Propyl alcohol, acetic acid
rum, isobutyl alcohol, propionic acid
apple, methyl alcohol, butyric acid (smells like vomit)
pear-like, benzyl alcohol, acetic acid
perfume, isopropyl alcohol, acetic acid

Procedure:

1. For this experiment, the mixtures must be heated by a boiling hot water bath. Use a hot plate to heat up about 150 mL of water (in a beaker) for the water bath.

Methyl Salicylate

1. .
2. Add one scoop of Salicylic acid to a test tube.
3. Add 15 drops of methanol to the same test tube
4. Add 2-4 drops of Sulphuric acid(which is very corrosive)
5. Place the test tube in the hot water bath for 15 minutes and place a 10 mL beaker over the test tube.
6. Cool the test tbe in the ice water bath for 2 minutes
7. Carefully smell the test tube by wafting the fumes towards your nose.
8. If there is no apparent smell, pour the contents of the test tube into a small beaker of water and try again.

Ethyl ethanoate

1. .
2. Add 10 drops of acetic acid to a test tube.
3. add 10 drops of ethanol to the same test tube.
4. add 2-4 drops of sulphuric acid (corrosive, caution!)
5. place the test tube in the hot water bath for 15 minutes and place a 10 mL beaker over the test tube.
6. cool the test tube in the ice water bath for 2 minutes
7. carefully smell the test tube by wafting the fumes towards your nose.
8. if there is no apparent smell, pour the contents of the test tube into a small beaker of water and try again.

Observations:

We made the wintergreen scent, and it smelled like A535 lotion. It smelled delightful and swell.

May 20, 2010 Amides and Amines

AMIDES:
-use carbon prefix and -amide suffix
-building blocks of protein
-nylon, kevlar, penicillin, LSD


AMINES
-contains nitrogen with carbon chain
-alkyl prefix with -amine ending

Some examples are:

May 18, 2010

ALDEHYDES:
naming- change the -e ending to -al



CARBOXYLIC ACIDS:

-found in insect bites
-building blocks of fat/steroid
naming- change ending to -oic acid

ESTER:
-found in flavouring, perfumes, cosmetics, fruits, vegetable oil
-formed by esterfication of carboxylic acids

Name the primary chain with -yl ending
secondary chain eds in -oate

May 14 - Functional Groups

Halides

• Halogen atoms replace a hydrogen
• bromo, chloro, floro

Alcohols

• OH/ hydroxyl group
• change the ending to -ol

Ketones

• oxygen atom double bonded to carbon
• change the ending to (an) - one
  

Ethers

• Have an O joining 2 carbon chains together
• Name each carbon chain with -yl ending and add 'ether.'
  

Cyclo Alkanes & Aromatics- May 10

In todays class we learned about Cyclo Alkanes and Aromatics.

Cyclo Alkanes

-Carbon compounds can form rings
-Follow the same naming rules and add cyclo- in front of the parent chain

cyclobutane

Name:

1.
cyclopentane
2.
1 ethyl 3 methyl cyclohexane

Draw the structural diagram for:
1. 1,3,5 trimethyl cyclo octane

2. 1 ethyl 3,4 dimethyl cyclohexane

If a cyclic chain is a side chain use cyclo___yl
2 methyl 3 cyclopropyl pentane

Aromatics
When a cyclic 6 carbon chain forms it can create a resonance structure
*Benzene

Name:
1,3,5 trimethyl 2,4,6 trimethyl Benzene

If [ 0 ] is a side chain label it phenyl!

May 4 - Alkenes and Alkynes

B. Alkenes

• Compounds with double bonds end in -ene
• Put a number in front of the parent chain that indicates where the doubld bond is
• More than 1 double bond changes the parent chain slightly
  

C. Alkynes

• For compounds with triple bonds use -yne ending
• Follow all the same alkene rules
  

April 30 - Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

• There are more carbon compound than all ionic compounds combine
• the study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry
• carbon can have multiple bonds and form many different shapes

Hydrocarbons:

• Aliphatics

1. alkanes
2. alkenes
3. alkynes

• Alycyclics
• Aromatics

Hydrocarbons have 3 types of formulas:

Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:
- one molecular formula can have a number of different structures
Isomers are compounds that can be drawn in more than 1 way
















Naming Alkanes:(all single bonds)

1. name the longest chain by using the correct suffix and add -ane
2. locate any branches by numbering carbon atoms *use the lowest possible number system
3. name branches by using appropriate suffix and -yl ending (alkyl branches)
4. if there are more than one of the same alkyl group, number each one and add the multiplier number in front of the branch name. *use alphabetical naming system.