May 14 - Functional Groups

Halides

• Halogen atoms replace a hydrogen
• bromo, chloro, floro

Alcohols

• OH/ hydroxyl group
• change the ending to -ol

Ketones

• oxygen atom double bonded to carbon
• change the ending to (an) - one
  

Ethers

• Have an O joining 2 carbon chains together
• Name each carbon chain with -yl ending and add 'ether.'
  

Cyclo Alkanes & Aromatics- May 10

In todays class we learned about Cyclo Alkanes and Aromatics.

Cyclo Alkanes

-Carbon compounds can form rings
-Follow the same naming rules and add cyclo- in front of the parent chain

cyclobutane

Name:

1.
cyclopentane
2.
1 ethyl 3 methyl cyclohexane

Draw the structural diagram for:
1. 1,3,5 trimethyl cyclo octane

2. 1 ethyl 3,4 dimethyl cyclohexane

If a cyclic chain is a side chain use cyclo___yl
2 methyl 3 cyclopropyl pentane

Aromatics
When a cyclic 6 carbon chain forms it can create a resonance structure
*Benzene

Name:
1,3,5 trimethyl 2,4,6 trimethyl Benzene

If [ 0 ] is a side chain label it phenyl!

May 4 - Alkenes and Alkynes

B. Alkenes

• Compounds with double bonds end in -ene
• Put a number in front of the parent chain that indicates where the doubld bond is
• More than 1 double bond changes the parent chain slightly
  

C. Alkynes

• For compounds with triple bonds use -yne ending
• Follow all the same alkene rules
  

April 30 - Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

• There are more carbon compound than all ionic compounds combine
• the study of carbon compounds is called organic chemistry
• carbon can have multiple bonds and form many different shapes

Hydrocarbons:

• Aliphatics

1. alkanes
2. alkenes
3. alkynes

• Alycyclics
• Aromatics

Hydrocarbons have 3 types of formulas:

Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:
- one molecular formula can have a number of different structures
Isomers are compounds that can be drawn in more than 1 way
















Naming Alkanes:(all single bonds)

1. name the longest chain by using the correct suffix and add -ane
2. locate any branches by numbering carbon atoms *use the lowest possible number system
3. name branches by using appropriate suffix and -yl ending (alkyl branches)
4. if there are more than one of the same alkyl group, number each one and add the multiplier number in front of the branch name. *use alphabetical naming system.