Acids & Bases- Oct. 8 Class

In today's class we learned the characteristics of acids and bases.

Acids
- Solid, Liquid, or gas at SATP (25 degrees celcius, 100 kPa)
- Form conducting aqueous solutions
- Turn blue litmus red
- Dissolve in water to produce H+
- Taste sour


Bases
- Turn red litmus blue
- Slippery
- Non-conductive
- Dissolve in water to produce OH-




Naming Acids
- Acids are aqueous (dissolve in water)
- Hydrogen compounds are acids

• HCL(aq) --> Hydrochloric
• AcidH2SO4(aq) --> Sulfuric Acid
  

- Hydrogen appears first in the formula unless it is part of a polyatomic group

• CH3COOH(aq) --> Acetic Acid

- Classical rules use the suffix "ic" and/or the prefix "hydro"

• Eg. Hydrochloric Acid

- IUPAC system uses the aqueous hydrogen compound

• Eg. HCl(aq) --> Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride

Naming Bases
- For now, all bases will be aqueous solutions of ionic hydroxides

• NaOH
• Ba(OH)2
  

- Use the cation name followed by hydroxide

• Sodium Hydroxide
  
• Barium Hydroxide
  

Examples
- HI(aq) --> Hydrochloric Acid
- H3PO4(aq) --> Phosphoric Acid
- H3PO4(aq) --> Phosphorous Acid
- HNO3(aq) --> Nitric Acid
- HNO2(aq) --> Nitrous Acid
- Mg(OH)2 --> Magnesium Hyrdroxide
- HBr(aq) --> Hydrobromic Acid
- HOOCCOOH(aq) -- Oxalic Acid


How to make your own PH indicator between an acid and base!